Mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, igihugu cyuzuye imbaraga n'amahirwe,amagare asanganywezirazamuka vuba kandi zihinduka ahantu heza mumihanda yo mumijyi. Kuva mu mijyi irimo abantu benshi kugera mu midugudu ya kure, guhera mu cyi gishyushye kugeza mu gihe cy'imbeho ikonje, amagare asanganywe amashanyarazi akundwa cyane n'abaturage kubera kuborohereza, ubukungu, ndetse no kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Niki gitera iterambere ryumuriro wamagare asanganywe isoko kumasoko yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya?
Isoko ryo mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya: Inyanja yubururu kumagare asanganywe amashanyarazi
Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, igizwe n'igice cy'Ubuhinde n'Ikirwa cya Maleziya, ikubiyemo ibihugu 11 bifite abaturage benshi kandi byihuta mu bukungu. Mu myaka yashize, hamwe no kwihutisha imijyi no gukurikirana abantu uburyo bworoshye bwo gutwara abantu, amagare asanganywe amashanyarazi yatangije amahirwe atigeze abaho ku isoko ry’amajyepfo ya Aziya.
1.Ubunini bwisoko nubushobozi bwo gukura
Nk’uko ASEANstats ibivuga, guhera mu 2023, umuturage ufite moto mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya yageze kuri miliyoni 250, aho umuturage atunze agera kuri 0.4. Muri iri soko rinini rya moto, umugabane wisoko ryamashanyarazi yibiziga bibiri biracyari bike. Dukurikije imibare ya moto, muri Q1 2024, kugurisha moto mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya byagize hafi 24% by’imigabane ku isoko ry’isi, biza ku mwanya wa nyuma nyuma y’Ubuhinde. Ibi byerekana ko isoko ryamashanyarazi yibiziga bibiri byo mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya bigifite amahirwe menshi yo gukura.
Nk’uko imibare y’itsinda rya Boston Consulting Group ibivuga, guhera muri Gicurasi 2022, isoko mpuzamahanga ry’imodoka zigendanwa ku isi, ryiganjemo amapikipiki abiri y’amashanyarazi, ryageze kuri miliyari 100 z'amayero mu bunini, bikaba biteganijwe ko izamuka ry’umwaka rirenga 30% mu myaka icumi iri imbere. Ibi birashimangira kandi amahirwe menshi yisoko ryamashanyarazi abiri yiburasirazuba bwa Aziya.
2.Inkunga ya Politiki nibisabwa ku isoko
Guverinoma zo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya zashyizeho politiki yo gushishikariza iterambere ry’amashanyarazi abiri. Guverinoma ya Indoneziya, kugira ngo igabanye impungenge z’amavuta n’igitutu cy’imari, iteza imbere cyane politiki ya “peteroli-y’amashanyarazi”, ishishikariza abantu gukoresha ibiziga bibiri by’amashanyarazi aho gukoresha moto gakondo. Tayilande, Filipine, n'ibindi bihugu na byo byashyizeho politiki zitandukanye zo gushyigikira iterambere ry’imodoka nshya.
Ku bijyanye n’ibisabwa ku isoko, Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo idafite ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu, ifite ubwinshi bw’abaturage, kandi ihura n’imodoka nyinshi kubera imisozi miremire y’imisozi, bigatuma abantu bagenda igihe kirekire cyane. Byongeye kandi, abaturage binjiza ntibashobora gushyigikira igiciro cy’imodoka, bigatuma moto ziba uburyo bwambere bwo gutwara abantu mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Amagare asanganywe amashanyarazi, nkuburyo bworoshye bwo gutwara abantu, ubukungu, n’ibidukikije, byujuje neza ingendo z’abaturage.
Inyigo Yatsinze
Mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziyaisoko ryamagare yamashanyarazi, imanza ebyiri zatsinze zigaragara: oBike na Gogoro.
1.o Bike: Urugero rwiza rwo Gutangiza Amagare yo muri Singapuru
oBike, gutangiza gusangira amagare yo muri Singapuru, yazamutse vuba mumyaka mike ishize kandi iba imwe mumasosiyete akomeye mumasoko yamagare y’amashanyarazi asanganywe muri Aziya yepfo. Amabanga yo gutsinda kwayo ari mubice bikurikira:
Ibyiza byaho: oBike ikoresha neza imizi yayo yo muri Singapuru, yumva neza ibyifuzo byisoko ryaho hamwe ningeso zabakoresha. Kurugero, yazanye icyitegererezo cyamagare yamashanyarazi akwiranye nubutaka bwaho hamwe nikirere cy’ikirere muri Singapuru, itanga serivisi nziza yo gukodesha no kugaruka, kandi igashimisha abakoresha.
Imikorere inoze: oBike yibanda kunoza imikorere ikora ukoresheje isesengura rinini ryamakuru hamwe nubwenge bwubuhanga kugirango ugere kuri gahunda yubwenge hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwimodoka. Ibi ntabwo bitezimbere imikoreshereze yimodoka gusa ahubwo binagabanya ibiciro byakazi.
Ubufatanye bufatika: oBike ifatanya cyane ninzego zibanze n’ubucuruzi mu rwego rwo guteza imbere iterambere ry’isoko ry’amagare risangiwe. Kurugero, rwashyizeho ubufatanye bufatika na Metro ya KTMB muri Maleziya kugirango igere ku murongo uhuza amagare asanganywe na sisitemu ya metero; yafatanije kandi n’ubucuruzi bwaho muri Tayilande guteza imberebasangiye umushinga w'amagare. oBike yafashe hafi 70% byimigabane yisoko ryamagare muri Indoneziya.
2.Gogoro: Igishushanyo mbonera cya Batiri-yohinduranya Tayiwani
Gogoro, igihangange cyo guhindura bateri ya Tayiwani, nacyo kirazwi cyane kubera imiterere yacyo ku isoko ry’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Intsinzi yayo igaragarira mubice bikurikira:
Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga: Gogoro yihagararaho ku isoko ry’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo guhinduranya bateri. Sitasiyo yo guhinduranya bateri irashobora kurangiza gusimbuza bateri mugihe gito, igatezimbere cyane imikorere yamagare asanganywe amashanyarazi.
Ubufatanye bwa Win-Win: Gogoro akorana umwete n’igihangange cya tekinoloji ya Indoneziya Gojet mu rwego rwo guteza imbere iterambere ryaisoko ryamagare yamashanyarazi. Binyuze mu bufatanye, impande zombi zageze ku kugabana umutungo n’inyungu zuzuzanya, dufatanije gushakisha isoko ry’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya.
Inkunga ya Politiki: Iterambere rya Gogoro ku isoko rya Indoneziya ryatewe inkunga n’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze. Guverinoma ya Indoneziya ishishikarizwa guteza imbere amapikipiki y’amashanyarazi na sitasiyo yo guhinduranya batiri, bitanga ingwate ikomeye ku miterere ya Gogoro ku isoko rya Indoneziya.
Amabanga yo gutsinda ku isoko ryamajyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya
Binyuze mu gusesengura izi manza zatsinzwe, ntabwo bigoye kumenya amabanga yo gutsinda ku magare asanganywe amashanyarazi ku isoko ry’amajyepfo ya Aziya:
1.Komeza gusobanukirwa ibyifuzo byisoko
Mbere yo kwinjira mu isoko ryamajyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya,gusangira amagare yamashanyarazidukeneye gusobanukirwa byimazeyo isoko ryaho hamwe ningeso zabakoresha. Gusa mugusobanukirwa neza ibyifuzo byisoko birashobora gutangiza ibicuruzwa na serivisi byujuje ibyifuzo byabakoresha, bityo bikabashimira.
2.Gutezimbere imikorere ikora
Isosiyete ikora amagare asanganywe amashanyarazi igomba kwibanda ku kunoza imikorere ikoresheje isesengura rinini ryamakuru hamwe nubwenge bwubukorikori kugirango igere kuri gahunda yubwenge no kugena neza ibinyabiziga. Ibi ntabwo bitezimbere imikoreshereze yimodoka gusa ahubwo binagabanya ibiciro byakazi.
3.Gushimangira ubufatanye bufatika
Amasosiyete y’amagare asanganywe akeneye gufatanya n’inzego z’ibanze n’ubucuruzi kugira ngo bafatanye guteza imbere isoko ry’amagare asanganywe. Binyuze mu bufatanye, impande zombi zishobora kugera ku kugabana umutungo hamwe n’inyungu zuzuzanya, dufatanya gushakisha isoko.
4.Guhanga udushya n'ibicuruzwa
Isosiyete ikora amagare asanganywe amashanyarazi ikeneye guhora ivugurura ikoranabuhanga nibicuruzwa kugirango ihuze isoko rigenda ryiyongera no kuzamura ibyo abakoresha bakeneye. Kurugero, guteza imbere tekinoroji ikora neza, itekanye, kandi yangiza ibidukikije; kumenyekanisha moderi nyinshi nuburyo bukoreshwa bwamashanyarazi yamagare, nibindi.
Amajyambere yiterambere ryamagare asanganywe isoko kumasoko yuburasirazuba bwiburasirazuba bwa Aziya aragutse. Hamwe nihuta ryibisagara hamwe nabantu bagenda bakurikirana uburyo bworoshye bwo gutwara abantu, amagare asanganywe amashanyarazi azahinduka uburyo bwo gutwara abantu benshi.
Ingano yisoko izakomeza kwaguka. Hamwe n’inkunga igenda yiyongera kuri guverinoma y’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu ndetse n’uko abantu bagenda bakurikirana uburyo bworoshye bwo gutwara abantu, ingano y’isoko ry’amagare risangiwe mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya rizakomeza kwaguka. Biteganijwe ko mu myaka mike iri imbere, isoko ry’amagare y’amashanyarazi asanganywe mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya rizakomeza iterambere ryinshi.
Guhanga udushya bizakomeza kwihuta. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga no gukomeza kunoza ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya, guhanga udushya mumagare asanganywe amashanyarazi nabyo bizihuta. Kurugero, intambwe zizagerwaho mugukwirakwiza bateri, kwihuta kwumuriro, no kuzamura umutekano wibinyabiziga.
Uburyo bwubufatanye buzarushaho gutandukana. Uburyo bwubufatanye hagati yamasosiyete yamagare asanganywe amashanyarazi azarushaho gutandukana. Usibye gufatanya n’inzego z’ibanze n’ubucuruzi, bazafatanya n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi na siyanse bya siyanse kugira ngo bafatanyirize hamwe guhanga udushya n’iteramberegusangira tekinoroji yamagare.
Iterambere ry’umuriro w'amagare asanganywe ku isoko ryo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya ntabwo ari impanuka ahubwo biterwa no kuborohereza, ubukungu, ndetse no kubungabunga ibidukikije, ndetse no gushyigikira politiki n'ibisabwa ku isoko na guverinoma yo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya.
Muri icyo gihe, kwihutisha guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no gutandukanya uburyo bw’ubufatanye bizanagira imbaraga nshya mu iterambere ry’amagare asanganywe amashanyarazi ku isoko ry’amajyepfo ya Aziya.
Kurigusangira amagare yamashanyarazi, isoko ryamajyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya ntagushidikanya ni inyanja yubururu yuzuye amahirwe. Isosiyete igomba gukoresha amahirwe yisoko, igahora ivugurura ikoranabuhanga nibicuruzwa, kunoza imikorere no kunoza serivisi kugirango ihuze isoko rigenda ryiyongera no kuzamura ibyo abakoresha bakeneye. Bagomba kandi gufatanya n’inzego z’ibanze n’ubucuruzi kugira ngo bafatanyirize hamwe iterambere ry’isoko ry’amagare basanganywe kandi bagere ku nyungu-nyungu.
Isosiyete igomba kandi kwitondera amabwiriza ya politiki n’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije mu bihugu byo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya kugira ngo ihindure ingamba z’isoko n’icyerekezo cy’iterambere mu gihe gikwiye. Bagomba gushyiraho ingamba zitandukanye z’isoko zishingiye ku mabwiriza ya politiki n'ibidukikije ku masoko y'ibihugu bitandukanye; gushimangira itumanaho nubufatanye ninzego zibanze nubucuruzi, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-25-2024
